The Truth About the Bible: “Sola Scriptura”

Today we continue our look at “The Five Solas,” the five truths taught since the early church that constitute the unique claims of Christianity regarding the nature and purpose of salvation. One of these five basic truths is Sola Scriptura, which in Latin literally means, “by Scripture alone,” meaning that the special revelation of God by which humanity can know all that is necessary for life and salvation comes to us only by the Scriptures. In other words, the Scriptures of the Old and New Testaments are the complete and only all-sufficient revelation of the purposes of God, and in them are found all the revealed truths of God necessary for salvation and eternal life.

The obvious implication of this truth is that the Scriptures are authoritative in the life of every Christian as well as in the church. John Wesley stated it this way: “In all cases, the Church is to be judged by the Scripture, not the Scripture by the Church.”

The point of this doctrine is that God gave us the Scriptures not merely as a compendium of vague spiritual advice. He meant the Bible to define our faith, direct our decisions and determine our lives. Indeed, that is precisely the role Bible claims for itself: “All Scripture is breathed out by God. It is profitable for teaching us, reproving us, correcting us and training us in right living, so that God’s people may be complete, lacking no good thing” (2 Timothy 3:16-17).

Sadly, some who claim to believe that the Bible is God’s revealed truth deny its practical authority in their lives. They habitually make decisions without reference to Scripture and instead allow themselves to be guided by the culture. That in itself is why we need to recover from the early church the important truth of Sola Scriptura.

During the first few centuries after Christ’s death and resurrection, the church found itself confronted by numerous heresies, usually involving false teachings about the way of salvation and the person and work of Christ. In every case, Scripture served as the sole source of truth by which these heresies were refuted.

The early church fathers, those second- through the fourth-century leaders who helped define the basic doctrines of Christianity, developed their teachings entirely and exclusively from the Scriptures. From the teachings of second century Polycarp of Smyrna and his student Irenaeus of Lyons, to those of fourth century Gregory of Nyssa and Cyril of Jerusalem, the defining doctrines of the early church are straightforward expositions of the Bible. Indeed, for the first four centuries of the church, it was universally taken for granted that for any doctrine to be accepted by the church, that doctrine had to be founded and built entirely and exclusively upon Scripture.

Clearly, the early church practiced the doctrine of Sola Scriptura. What about the church today? More to the point, what about you? Do you seek to live as a follower of Christ Sola Scriptura, “by the Scriptures alone”? I hope you do. Only God’s Word is the word of life.

Next week: “Solus Christus,” through Christ alone